corruption

INTRODUCTION
Aristotle wrote “there are three kinds of constitution or an equal number of deviation, or as it were, corruption of these three kinds the deviation or corruption of kingship is tyranny. Both kingship and tyranny are forms of government by a single person, but the tyrant studies his own advantage the king looks to that of his subjects”.

Carl Friedrich, following Aristotle holds that both applications derive from basic core meaning, which he formulates as deviant behavior associated with a particular motivation namely that of private gain at public expense.

DEFINITION
Corruption is dishonest or immoral behavior or activities. Two categories give the meanings of corruption in physical and moral aspects. In physical the destruction or spoiling of anything especially by disintegration or by decomposition with its attendant unwholesomenees and loathsomenees. Moral the political definition already given comes under this category. Another definition in this category is a making or becoming morally corrupt.

EFFECTS
Politics :
In the political realm, it undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting for formal processes.

Administration :
Corruption in public administration results in unfair provision of service.

Institutions :
Corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government as procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold.


Election :
Corruption in election and in legislative bodies reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law.

Economic :
Private sectors corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials, and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting red tape, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the playing field, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms.

Public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.

CAUSES

Fast wealthy
- a fast opportunity for people who are doing nothing in the organization but at the same time want money
Easy money
-influent by the easy and big amount of money offered by a person to do something, for examples to ruin somebody organization
Materialistic- good life
-people who are not satisfied with what they have especially in his normal life
Moral values-unawareness to be honest
-lack of moral values, people who are high in moral value will never think about taking bribes
Greedy
-because of the lack of moral values and want to be powerful in wealth more than another people

Attitudes
-causes corruption is attitudes or circumstances that make average people disregard the law. People may try to get around laws of a government they consider illegitimate

SOLUTION
People and government must solve this problem.
Government has five steps to solve this problem:
to restore some justice to a system in which international creditors play the role of plaintiff, judge and jury, in their own court of international finance.
to introduce discipline into sovereign lending and borrowing arrangements—and thereby prevent future crises.
to counter corruption in borrowing and lending, by introducing accountability through a free press and greater transparency to civil society in both the creditor and debtor nations.
to strengthen local democratic institutions, by empowering them to challenge and influence elites.
to encourage greater understanding and economic literacy among citizens, and thereby empower them to question, challenge and hold their elites to account.

CONCLUSION
Which is every person should work together to barricade the corruption before it becomes a habit in our lives.